The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in...

The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried,† â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† and â€Å"Style† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the novel The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien demonstrates how exposure to the atrocities of nations at war leads to the soldiers having skewed perspectives on what is right and wrong, predominantly at times when the purpose of the war itself appears elusive. The ambiguity that consumes the stories of â€Å"The Things They Carried† and â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is displayed with irony, for the ‘moral’ of such war stories is that there is no moral at all. O’Brien portrays the character Mitchell Sanders as an observer who seeks the morals to be found through the war†¦show more content†¦Lavender’s death also reaches a point of irony when Sanders claims that the moral to the situation is in fact the immorality of it, saying â€Å"The moral’s pretty obvious. Stay away from drugs. No joke, they’ll ruin your day every time† (20). Sanders is focusing on Lavender’s corr upt ways in order to convey the lesson of his death, and he is ironically doing so as he partakes in those very debauched ways himself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Similarly to Cross’ approach to dealing with the death of Lavender, Rat Kiley experiences much difficulty and trauma from the death of his friend Curt Lemon and feels partially responsible. Following Lemon’s death, Kiley went into the mountains and â€Å"came across a baby VC water buffalo [†¦]He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee[†¦]Curt Lemon was dead. Rat Kiley had lost his best friend in the world†(78-79). The frustrations of being a soldier in Vietnam and fighting at times for a cause that has no apparent solution causes the men to have questionable judgment. When it comes to upholding the standards they used to abide by when living in a place free of so much animosity and mortality, the soldiers must first overcome the oppressive weight of the war that confuses their moral views. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Moral ambiguity is clear in the short story of â€Å"Style† as Henry Dobbins strongly defends a young girl,

Building Construction And Its Effect On The Environment

Sustainable materials are environmentally helpful in our planet; it is used to produce in needle size without reducing non-renewable valuable supplies. It is also thought about to be environmentally friendly that include from a certified third-party forest standard. Throughout the building cycle, it’s a useful thing to produce a lot with very little waste. Buildings around the world are subject to a wide variety of natural important events such as floods, earthquake, windstorm, and other dangers. Comprehensible development is one of the major parts that increase the value of natural disaster. These events cannot be exactly described a possible future events, their effect is well understood. Building construction can have a long direct and indirect effect on the surrounding conditions, the society, and the economy. Different weather needs different houses. Australia, for example, has eighty different climate zones, but is often simplified to eight, varying from hot and humid to mountain-related. Working with a smaller home, the easier it is to accomplish a high energy efficiency level. Using materials from old buildings and getting some local materials can save you some headache, considering you can make any vital changes right away. Importantly, the indoor air aspect is oversight of moisture that collects over time, such as dealing with growing mold and the habitation of bacteria and viruses simultaneously as a dust mite. Interior designers should use a combination ofShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 Pagesharm has two main aspects: 1. Heat island effect from the perspective of the geographical circulation of heat, because the night lighting caused unnecessary energy loss (including generating heat loss and lighting loss), is bound to increase electric effect throughout the city, thereby exacerbating urban heat island effect. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Introduction. In this area, we will discuss about energy savings, land savings, water savings and environment protection. For the energy savings we needRead MoreThe Earth s Land Resources Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesto living is very few. Green building design through a variety of methods to make the building as a whole in conjunction with the site, the site through the use of natural features to increase the comfort of humans, while reducing the impact of human activities on the environment. For example, site selection principles of green building is to make use of existing building sites, rather refurbished than do not rebuild, so in this way it can save land resources; building orientation in determining theRead MoreBuilding Design : Green Buildings1120 Words   |  5 PagesGreen Buildings As Goldman Environmental Prize winner Terry Swearingen stated, â€Å"we are living on this planet as if we had another one to go to.† In today’s society, the architectural process is beginning to exponentially grow due to the vast need of building construction for evolving communities. However, many architects are massively constructing without truly realizing the side effects of building architecture to the economy or environment. A building plan should not be viewed solely on the physicalRead MoreEssay On Construction1692 Words   |  7 Pagesof a construction project and what all goes into the development of a construction project, the environment is a big factor. There are many different regulating associations such as the USGB (United States Green Building Council), BMRA (Building Material Reuse Association), AEES (The American Ecological Engineering Society), and many more that give and set good examples. Hong Kong has found a way to measure construction waste a nd develop a way to reuse a prominent part of typical construction wasteRead MoreApplication And Cost Estimation Before Building Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesArchitecture Architecture is the art of planning and designing of a space or a building so as to suite a certain function or a technical use. To do this one requires creativity and experience in the manipulation of materials and coordinating these materials using technology to build the several parts of a building. The architect has to consider the scheduling and cost estimation before building. The behavior of the building during different climatic changes must also be considered. It should be ableRead MoreThe Construction Of Green Buildings871 Words   |  4 PagesConstruction of green buildings should be in the intensive land use, based on the optimization of land use, can make full use of industrial waste, in order to protect and use of land resources; and in materials savings, it refers to the structure once construction and renovation put in place, and does not destroy demolition of existing building components and facilities, the avoid duplication of decoration and waste materials; in wat er conservation, green building requirements and ways to reduceRead MorePestle Analysis Construction1034 Words   |  5 PagesJohn O’Donnell Gallagher Construction and Development are based in north London. They are a property development and refurbishment company. They have been in the construction industry for about twenty five years. They have a workforce of twenty directly employed and about fifty self employed workers at the moment. The major political influences on the construction industry in London at the moment are the Mayor of London’s Sustainable Design and Construction Supplementary Planning GuidanceRead MoreA Brief Note On The Green Building Movement1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Green Building Movement â€Å"North American homes, offices and other buildings contribute an estimated 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere every year—more than one third of the continent s greenhouse gas pollution output† (Biello). Global warming is a worldwide issue that is thought to be one of the most severe problems around the globe. Pollution in the atmosphere is one of the main causes of global warming. This pollution starts to build up and destroy the ozone layer causingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Enhance Indoor Environment Quality1410 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped, buildings and constructions became intensive. CO2 and Green House Gases (GHG), which have caused the climate change in urban areas, are emitted to the atmosphere caused by the increasing of building constructions. The temperature in urban areas become higher than the rural areas, which is Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). The phenomenon of urban warming degrades environmental quality and would further cause the global climate change. In order to create a comfortable living environment for humansRead MoreEssay On Construction Management1057 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents in the construction management discipline., the three types of research that will be described in this paper are scholarly journals, trade journals and popular magazines, these will also be accompanied with examples of a research topics. Students can use these researching strategies for the following: essays, lab reports, reviews, and annotations. Knowledge of these resources will ensure success in the program. Sustainability is becoming an ongoing trend in construction. This word in reference

Identity Crisis in Canadian Film Essay - 5812 Words

Identity Crisis in Canadian Film Much has been written about the ways in which Canadas state as a nation is, as Peter Harcourt writes, described and hence, imagined (Harcourt, The Canadian Nation -- An Unfinished Text, 6) through the cultural products that it produces. Harcourts terms are justifiably elusive. The familiar concept of Canadian culture, and hence Canadian cinema, within critical terminology is essentially based on the principle that the ideology of a national identity, supposedly limited by such tangible parameters as lines on a map, emerges from a common geographical and mythological experience among its people. The concept that cultural products produced in Canada will be somehow innately Canadian in form†¦show more content†¦Suffice it to say that art and national identity are assumed to be interrelated in critical practice, and the principles by which this is normally assessed are at times troubling. Many of the problems inherent in criticism that locates the Canadian psyche in Canadian cinema have to do with the large scope of many investigations of the English Canadian cinema. Our criticism of national cinema or, more generally, cultural production is usually sandwiched between two dominant, yet opposing, approaches to text: Marshall McLuhans concept where the medium is the message on the one hand, and Margaret Atwoods thematic criticism, in her book Survival, on the other. Although both approaches are valid, they require vast investigations of Canadian cultural production in order to ascertain supposed commonalities. These distinctions or shared traits among Canadian cultural products are presumed to be ties that bind us culturally as a nation. By being broad in our investigations, however, we are merely reduced to reiterating plot summaries and making generalizations about films as they relate to history vis a vis an already established critical rhetoric. The tendency is ofte n not to analyse individual films extensively,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Master Of Disguise 1589 Words   |  7 Pagespublished in Wired magazine in 2007. The movie is filmed upon the story of escape of six American diplomats, who were captured during the seizure of American embassy in Tehran, Iran in 1979. The whole project was named as Canadian Caper after the joint venture of rescue by the Canadian government and Central Intelligence Agency. Production: The ARGO movie project was based in 2007 by three producers named George Clooney, Grant Heslov and David Klawans. After that in 2011 Affleck also joined the productionRead MoreThe World War One Of The United States1692 Words   |  7 PagesThrough these times of hardship and glory Canada has succeeded in finding its autonomous identity in the world, as a â€Å"middle power†. Throughout the time periods of 1914-1945, 1950-1970, and 1971- 1990 Canada has been involved in many wars that have displayed its independence and strength as a country. The World War One battle of Vimy Ridge, in 1917, was the first grand victory of Canadian forces. The Canadian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, had trained and independently overcome theRead MoreThe Role Of Women During Post War Period1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe threat of nuclear warfare was the influencing factor in women having to become the homemakers. By being at home women were able to fulfill the health and welfare roles put upon them to keep their husbands and children safe, healthy and calm in a crisis. By having to be the savour in the family they have a lot more responsibilities, including having to take part in a neighbourhood watch, firefighting and nursing. Another role put on the women of the household was to maintain a clean house, whichRead MoreImpact Of Pierre Trudeau1321 Words   |  6 PagesVery few Canadians have made the same impacts on Canadian quality of life as Pierre Trudeau did as his time as a politician. During his time as a prime minister, he brought forth many changes that greatly improved the quality of all Canadians living in the country. He made the diverse population of Canada feel safe and included. Pierre trudeau has caused a significant increase on Canadians’ quality of life by helping introduce legislation such as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the OfficialRead MoreWere the 20s in Canada Really Roaring?1664 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic, social and political changes really made the 1920s in Canada â€Å"roar†. First of all, Canada was very roaring economically in the 20s because of strong economic growth and prosperity. With the introduction of the assembly line by Henry Ford, Canadian industries flourished. Manufacturing processes were a lot faster, because of the improved work flow and better distribution of labour. These drastically changes sharply improved the productivity in the manufacturing sector, thus companies were ableRead MoreConflict between Canada and the First Nations Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesand use of its bountiful resources. In order to make things fair, the Canadian government issues treaties, which were meant to initiate the regulations of the land and its resources whatever they may be, and to verify the rights, obligations, and ownership of the land; But sometimes these treaties are broken. A well-known example of aboriginal injustice happened in the year 1990 from July 11th – September 26th. The Oka Crisis, as it was called, was a 78 day confrontation o ver the Mohawk burial groundsRead More Dilemma of Immigrants in America Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrants nowadays. Because of her families religious tradition, Mukherjee is confined by her permanent identity in her own culture, â€Å"a Hindu Indian’s last name announced his or her forefathers’ caste and place of origin†¦a Mukherjee could only be Brahmin from Bengal†¦my identity was viscerally connected with ancestral soil and genealogy† (Mukherjee 1). From her attitude towards her identity, Mukherjee does not want to confine by the Hindu tradition. She is rebellious against her own culture evenRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Norman’s character reinforces. Despite the age of the theories and film, the question concerning if Norman Bates’ mental state is innate or a gradual creation provides an understanding of current coalitions between parent-child bonds and psychopathy. The accurate d epiction of how Norman is nurtured into being a killer shows viewers that although he is a fictional character, he represents psychopaths outside of the film world. To be familiar with the extent of vacant family relations emphasizesRead MoreThe Problem Of Living Without A Home972 Words   |  4 PagesLiving without a home is the result of many unfortunate circumstances coming together at one time. In other words, home is not only a physical space but a place that sometimes defines a person s identity. The lack of housing is sometimes an identity crisis for the homeless, which leads to more unnecessary misery. Homeless by definition is an individual that survives without a permanent shelter. They might be provided with temporary living like homeless shelters. However, these shelters are usuallyRead MoreThe Battle Of Vimy Ridge1927 Words   |  8 Pagesautonomous identity in the world, as a middle power. Throughout the time periods of 1914-1945, 1950-1970, and 1971- 1990 Canada was involved in many wars that displayed her independence and strength as a country. The World War One battle of Vimy Ridge, in 1917, was the first grand victory of Canadian forces. The Canadian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, independently overcame the Germans. It was clear that, â€Å"[the battle of Vimy Ridge] was a stunning victory. The Canadians had gained

Literary Analysis Of The Cask Of Cask Essay - 981 Words

Literary Analysis on the Cask of Amontillado In the Cask of Amontilado, Poe uses pride as a theme to explain the reasons for murder. Pride will push a person to the extremes and that has been proven many times throughout history and even now. Pride just recently made a man kill a teenager. They were in a fight and because the teen won the fight others laughed at the man and made fun of him, he shot the teen in the chest and he died. An example of pride driving one to murder is depicted in the Cask of Amontillado. Pride is good but it can also prevent from seeing the harmful obstacles in front of you and can lead the death of Fortunato. Poe shows pride as a motive for murder through Montresor’s deception, premeditation, and ironic literary devices. Edgar Allen Poe of Boston Massachusetts was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is considered the inventor of detective fiction genre and credited the genre of science fiction as well. In November 1846 Poe published a short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. The story involves two men, Montresor, the man telling the story that came from a great but old family and Fortunato, a strong man who was feared but had a great weakness which was wine. The story takes place in an unnamed European city. Fortunato has hurt Montresor a thousand times and laughed at his name and Montresor has had enough and is seeking revenge because a man will go to the extreme to protect his pride. He told no one because he didn’t want to sufferShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado 1493 Words   |  6 PagesBrooke Womack Literary Analysis Paper Into to Literature: American I Dr. Julia Pond 12 October 2017 The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado is a tale of terror written by Edgar Allen Poe. This short story is from the point of view from Montresor’s memory. The setting of this story is in a small unnamed European city, at a local carnival and then at the catacombs under Montresor’s home, around duck. The brief synopsis of this story is about the revenge that the Montresor, the antagonistRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado1231 Words   |  5 PagesKaitlin Hunter Mrs. Laszik ENGL 1302.001 27 Oct 2017 The Cask of Amontillado One of the most memorable short stories by the American writer, mainly known for his gothic literature â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, written by Edgar Allan Poe is short story about revenge against an â€Å"old friend† who betrayed another. This strong expression of gothic literature through the drastic change of settings and surroundings. Also, the main character’s, Montressor, narration of the story that he has kept to himselfRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Cask Of Amontillado1219 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a well-known writer in writing detective stories and fear stories. One of his fear stories, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was talking about how a man took his payback to his friend. However, to look intensely in this story, I found that this story was not just simply a fear story about how a man gets his revenge in the harmless way. Instead, it also demonstrates much irony in several areas: the title, the event, the season, the costume , the environment, the characters’ personalitiesRead MoreLiterary Analysis - Cask of Amontillado Essay examples680 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a journey into the mind of what many would perceive as a mad man. The story tells of what seems to be a horrible revenge made even more horrible by the fact that the vengeance is being taken when no real offense had been known. This notion sets the mood for true evil. The plot of the story is simple. Montresor takes revenge on his friend Fortunato by luring him into the wine cellar under the family estate. There he leads Fortunato into theRead MoreRole of Realism in Edagar Allan Poe ´s The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amortillado1014 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe are dark short stories relevant to murder, revenge, and mystery. Poe writes both stories in a Gothic style in order to deal with ideas of realism. One may ask were th e murders and punishments justifiable in either short story? One may also ask did Poe accurately depict realism in each story? Realism, defined as a technique in literature that accurately represents everyday life, is questioned in Poe’s works: â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask ofRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 Pagespaper about the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: Irony in The Cask of Amontillado by AmeliaRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado and Hills Like White Elephants577 Words   |   3 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe amp; â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe Abstract â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, is a short story about a man named Montessor who gets revenge on one of his â€Å"friends† named Fortunado by trapping him and burying him alive. Treatment Setting: Two kinds Plot: Man gets revenge on his â€Å"friend† Characters: Montresor, Fortunado, Montresor’s familyRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 PagesIs there anything that someone could do to you that would cause you to commit murder? Could you get away with it? Montresor is the murderous narrator who has committed the perfect murder in just such a tale, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitudeRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pages-- â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. This story recounts how a man called Montresor seeks revenge upon a â€Å"friend† who allegedly insulted him. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, the brilliant use of situational irony and macabre humor creates signific ant parallels between the plot and the author’s own strange life. From the very first sentence, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is absolutely saturated with both verbal and dramatic irony. In fact, even the title has an element of irony to it -- the word â€Å"cask† (whichRead MoreReflection of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†1682 Words   |  7 PagesReflection of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe was a very dark, dramatic writer. All of his stories require the audience to reread his works of art. There are so many elements incorporated into his stories that it would be impossible to understand them all after one reading. His stories drip with irony and reveal mysteries in an interesting way. He writes his stories in a way that engages the mind and questions character. One of his most famous short stories is â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†

Action Plan and Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Action Plan and Strategy ? Answer: Introducation This marketing plan aims to facilitate the marketing of desktop computers in the city. To do this, an online presence is necessary, since the target market is expected to be made up of frequent internet users. The action plan will therefore include reaching out to the target market through popular social media sites, popular forums that they are likely to visit, and sending them emails. There will be a concerted effort to develop a message that appeals to this market, showing the distinct advantages of the product over others. In doing this, we aim to build a presence in the market, in line with our vision, mission and core values (Vyakarnam Leppard, 1994). Vision, Mission and core values Our mission is to be the premier computer hardware supplier in the country. Our mission is to engage our clients with the aim of providing the best technical solutions to their hardware problems. Our core values are integrity, fairness to both clients and employees, and quality. We also treasure mutual trust, realizing that this can only be built on the other values above (Karami, 2016). SWOT and PEST analysis Our strengths include a thorough technical expertise in our field, built on years of experience and professional qualifications. We also have sufficient capital to undertake rigorous marketing and meet our prospective clients demand. We have a well located premises, which is likely to attract walk in customers and help spread the word. Our weakness is that we are relatively new in the business, and have to wait for close to one year to break even, since this is a capital intensive venture. There are several opportunities to be tapped, including upcoming businesses that will definitely require computers. However, there are new entrants as well, who we are competing with to get the desired business (Gupta, 2013). PEST There are new regulations that will make it easier for us to conduct business, such as access to credit and advisory services from the department of trade. The easing of import restrictions will also give us the opportunity to import affordable but high quality machines from abroad. The economy is growing rapidly. This will mean that we will have a bigger and more affluent market to target. People are increasingly turning to other gadgets such as tablets and iPads. This social change will affect our target market, but office equipment market will not be affected in the short term. The new technologies that are coming up will force us to look for better and more innovative products to work with, if we are to compete in this market (Gupta, 2013). Description of E marketing tool We will have a social media presence on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. These pages will be used to aggressively market our products, and encourage people to visit our websites. Pay per click will also be utilized, whereby adverts will be placed on websites that our target market usually visits. They will also be used to encourage more traffic to our website. The website will be free for all. It will have all the details on prices and products available, and will be done in a sleek design showing our technical prowess. This e marketing tools are meant to complement each other. They are not so effective on their own, but taken together, they will give us an excellent marketing machine. Relevance to business The strategies selected above are aligned with the nature of the business, and the market it hopes to tap into. Our business is in the technology sector. As such, many of our prospective clients are to be found on the internet. By adopting this e marketing strategy, we will be able to connect with the vast majority of them. They will see a partner who has the same views as they do about technology and how it can provide solutions. Our market will be more appreciative of an online marketing campaign, especially since they will need someone they can trust will give them the services they need. Since our products will be accompanied by the agreement to service machines for a year, the clients need a trustworthy and proficient team to meet this part of the deal. Our marketing campaign will show this (Karami, 2016). Legal Considerations and considered research The import of technical equipment in the country is strictly regulated. There is a requirement to ensure the procured equipment is genuine, and is fit for the intended purpose. However, other free trade requirements may not affect the running of the business to a considerable scale, since the market is in near perfect competition there are several businesses in this market, none of which has a clear advantage over others in terms of expertise or other assets. We will sign confidentiality agreements with our clients, so that our personnel are legally bound to protect any client information that they handle. Strategies Our social media strategy will be simple, involving the creation of a page, and posting of our brochures on this page. The page will be updated regularly with new and existing products, details of price and location, and other activities we are involved in. The strategy is expected to be cheap, costing less than 1000 dollars per year. The strategy will be evaluated on the number of clicks and views, and will be managed by the marketing manager(Karami, 2016). The website will have more options than the social media website, including price and option to buy. This will be more expensive, costing more than 2000 dollars. This will be spent on hosting and design. The website will be managed by the IT team in conjunction with the marketing manager. It will be evaluated on the number of visits to site, and number of online purchases. The pay per click strategy will involve more costs than the social media option, but will be cheaper than the website, costing around 1400 per year. The strategy will involve placing a banner on popular websites. It will be evaluated by tracking the number of licks on the banner. The strategy will be managed by the marketing manager, in conjunction with Google. References Gupta, A. (2013). Environment PEST Analysis: An Approach to External Business Environment. International Journal of Modern Social Sciences , 2 (1), 34-43. Karami, A. (2016). Strategy Formulation in Entrepreneurial Firms. London: Routledge. Vyakarnam, S., Leppard, J. (1994). Action plans for the small business: growth strategies for businesses wondering where to go next. Springfield: DBM Publishing.

The Kalapalo Indians Essay Example For Students

The Kalapalo Indians Essay The Kalapalo Indians of Central Brazil are one of a few surviving indigenouscultures that is uniquely protected by a national reserve in lowland SouthAmerica. Through no effort of there own, they have been isolated artificiallyfrom Brazilian social and economic influences that reach almost every otherIndian tribe in Brazil. This unusual situation has made it possible for theKalapalos culture to be undisturbed by the outside world and the surroundingtribes. Much of Kalapalo life is run through a central concept or an ideal ofbehavior, called ifutisu. This is an infinite ideological concept that isrepresented in many ways in social life and ideal organization among theKalapalo. The area in which the Kalapalo live is in the northeastern Mato Grosso statecalled Upper Xingu Basin. There are four unintelligible languages by groups inthis region. This makes the Upper Xingu Basin linguistically diverse, but withmany of the groups still sharing the same social and ideological features. It isvery difficult to trace back the origins of Kalapalo life because of theintegration of the many different and culturally diverse groups in the UpperXingu Basin. So, many of systems of kinship classification, marriage practices,ceremonial organizations, status allocation, and religious beliefs areconsistent with cultural rules and social practices and not with the originalsystem. Many of the modern local groups can only reconstruct their own historywhich is in limited detail, these systems cant be isolated completely from theexisting society. The two most important social units in Upper Xingu society are the village andthe household groups. Both the village and household can be considered corporatein that both control rights to territorial resources, acts as a unit whenperforming certain economic and ceremonial activities. Members of a householdgroup are obligated to pass out food which they collect amongst themselves. Evenwhen one cannot supply food a Kalapalo is assured of a share because everyone istreated with the same kind of respect. Despite this corporate organization,membership in villages and households is constantly changing, and there is muchmovement of people between group to group. The Kalapalo society is a system wherein social units, such as the villagegroups and households exist only because of the individual who decides to livein these systems and choose to cooperate with one another. This is verydifferent from other non-western societies whereas the individual acquire theresponsibility to join in social units, by birth or other means of relationshipto and with each other regardless of the identity of the individual themselves. The Kalapalo social organization is characterized by a flexible group membershipand significant differences in the classification of individuals with certaingroups. The choices for the Kalapalo to join groups is based on the personalrelationship between one another instead of certain clan membership, religiousbeliefs, or ancestry. The Kalapalo have an attitude towards cleanliness which encompasses all aspectsof life such as; food, houses, belongings, and physical appearance. During thetime of the year when manioc is being ready to be planted or when it isharvesting time, it is not uncommon to find them bathing three or four times adaily. The Kalapalos attitude towards cleanliness approaches the excessiveside. The Kalapalo believe in generosity and peaceful behavior toward every one theyencounter. They reject all acts of aggression and violent expression and find itinappropriate for human beings. Instead the Kalapalo embrace an ideal of non-violence which includes suppression of anger and a passive tolerance of behavior. In Kalapalo society people are incorporated into a cycle of reciprocity andgenerosity . The idea of sharing takes place only along the lines of priorrelations; such as kinship, friendship, or membership of the same household. The Osage Orange Tree - Peer Pressure EssayKeesing, Roger M. 1975. Kin Groups and Social Structures. Holt, Rinehart, Winston: New York. This book examines the decent groups, the nature of alliance system andthe internal complexity and diversity of actual societies. Through kinship andkin groups and there social structures. This source has been helpful in myresearch because explains the formal principles of kin group organization, italso shows the kin groups in evolutionary and ecological perspective. The bookalso explains the difference between kin groups and social structures and at thesame time explains how kin groups play roles in certain social structures andvies versa . Goody, Jack. 1971. Kinship. Cox Wyman Ltd.: Great Britain. Langara GN 480 G6This book examines the complex kin networks of many tribal societies andshows the vital role in safeguarding social and cultural stability. It alsoexamines the traditional kinship system, kin groups and marriage alliance. Thissource has been helpful to my research because it has explains certainstructure roles and how they affect certain societies. It is also helpfulbecause it explores the formations of alliances through marriage. Finally thisbook show the collection of kin groups and the relationship to social andcultural stability. Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1969. The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Becon Press.: Boston. Langara GN 480 .L413This book examines the principle of kinship, nature of exogamy. Thetheory of kinship which includes Malinowskis theory and its contradiction. Historical analysis, social structures, incest and the connection to marriage. This source has been helpful to my research because it has shown the elementarystructures and theories of kinship. It has also given many kin terms and thereexplanations. Finally it tries to explain the significance of social structuresand there relationship between kin groups. Schusky, Ernest L. 1965. Manual for Kinship Analysis. Holt, Rinehart Winston.: New York. Langara GN 480S35This book examines the beliefs and ideal behavior of a people and theiractual behaviors by understanding kinship practices. It also examines thetheory of kinship and the development of functional anthropology. This book alsoincludes the theories and perspectives of Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown. Thisbook has been helpful in my research because it has broken down the kinshipsystem and other kinship classifications. It analyze the kinship structure andthe kin groups through simple explanatory graphs. Category: Biographies